The word “migraine” comes from the Greek word: “Hemikrania”
“Hemi” (half) + “Kranion” (skull)

It is important to distinguish between different types of headaches, as not all are classified as migraines.
A precise diagnosis of migraine should be made by a healthcare professional.

Diagnosis of Migraines
A diagnosis of migraine is made when the following criteria are met:

1. At least five headache attacks.
2. Duration of pain between 4 to 72 hours.
3. At least two of the following indicators:
   • Unilateral pain
   • Throbbing pain
   • Moderate to severe intensity
   • Pain worsened by routine physical activity such as climbing stairs
4. At least one of the following indicators:
   • Nausea or vomiting
   • Intolerance to light (photophobia) and noise (phonophobia)
5. Other causes of headaches (e.g., tumours, haemorrhages) have been ruled out.

Tension Headaches
A tension headache is not a migraine.
It is typically characterised by bilateral, non-throbbing pain of mild to moderate intensity, not worsened by activity, and not accompanied by nausea.

Causes of Migraines
Migraines are likely a brain disorder rather than a vascular disease as previously thought.
They involve decreased function in a specific brain region, leading to increased blood supply and an inflammatory response.

The exact cause of migraines is unknown, but you are more likely to experience them if you have a close family member who gets them.

Some people find certain triggers can cause migraines, such as:

• Starting their period
• Anxiety and depression
• Stress and tiredness
• Not eating regularly or skipping meals
• Excessive caffeine consumption
• Lack of exercise

Keeping a migraine diary can help identify personal triggers.

Characteristics of a Migraine
A migraine attack usually lasts between 4 to 72 hours and is characterised by:

• Throbbing headache
• Unilateral headache
• Nausea and/or vomiting
• Intolerance to light and noise

Women are more prone to migraines than men, likely due to hormonal influences.

Chronic Migraine
Chronic migraine is a severe form of headache that can last for hours or even days and often includes:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Increased sensitivity to light and noise
• Vision problems

Some migraine sufferers experience early sensations or warning signs before the pain develops, known as an “aura.”
This can include light flashes, black spots in the visual field, or tingling sensations in the hands or feet.
The aura can also occur during the headache itself.

Types of Migraines
Migraines are divided into two types:

1. Classic Migraine: Includes aura symptoms.
2. Common Migraine: Not accompanied by aura symptoms.

Stages of a Migraine
Migraines have five characteristic stages, though not every patient will experience all of them:

1. Prodrome: Changes in mood, energy levels, behaviour, and appetite.
2. Aura Stage: Light flashes, black spots in the visual field, and other visual disturbances.
3. Headache Stage: Throbbing headache on one side of the head, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and noise, and a desire to retreat and lie down in the dark.
4. Resolution Stage: Cessation of the headache, sometimes following sleep or vomiting.
5. Recovery Stage: Overcoming the weakness and exhaustion caused by the migraine.

Treatment for Migraines
Migraine treatments include medications such as:

• Analgesics (painkillers)
• Triptans
• Anti-emetics (medicines that stop you from feeling sick or being sick)

It may be necessary to try a combination of medications to determine what works best for each individual.
Lifestyle changes, such as eating at regular times and reducing caffeine intake, may also be recommended to help manage migraines.
If these treatments do not work, a new type of medication called a “Gepant” may be offered.

Reflexology Treatment
Reflexology treatments are recommended between migraine attacks.
While it is important to manage expectations, as relief is not instantaneous, reflexology can offer valuable support in managing migraine symptoms.

For individuals with migraines, reflexology sessions may include the following techniques tailored to address migraine symptoms:

1. Relaxation Techniques: Employing gentle massage and manipulation to induce a state of relaxation, which can help reduce stress and tension, common triggers for migraines.
2. Pain Reduction Techniques: Targeted pressure applied to reflex points associated with the head and neck may help alleviate headache pain and promote a sense of relief.
3. Inflammation Reduction: Reflexology can stimulate the body’s natural healing response and help reduce inflammation, which may contribute to migraine symptoms.
4. Cardiovascular Support: Focus on reflex points related to the cardiovascular system to help regulate blood flow and ease the increase in blood supply to the head during a migraine attack.
5. Individualised Approach: Working closely with the patients to understand their unique needs and preferences. Each reflexology session is tailored to address specific migraine symptoms and provides personalised support.

While reflexology can complement conventional migraine treatments, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for comprehensive management of migraine symptoms.
Reflexology should not replace medical treatment but can be an effective complementary therapy for those seeking holistic approaches to migraine management.

By incorporating reflexology into a comprehensive migraine management plan, individuals may experience reduced frequency and severity of migraine attacks, improved overall well-being, and enhanced quality of life.